Search results for "Cellulose degradation"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Soda-AQ pulping of reed canary grass
2001
Abstract Delignification of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was carried out by conventional soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping under varying conditions selected according to an orthogonal experimental design with four factors (cooking parameters) at three levels each L9 (34). The influence of these four parameters, i.e. effective alkali, EA (12, 15, and 18% on oven dried (o.d.) reed, as NaOH), maximum temperature (145, 155, and 165°C), time to maximum temperature (70, 90, and 110 min), and time at maximum temperature (0, 15, and 30 min) on the pulp properties (yield, kappa number, and viscosity) was studied. Results indicated that, with respect to delignification, EA was the most i…
Untersuchungen zum oxidativen abbau nativer cellulose, 4. Stöchiometrische verhältnisse zwischen der anzahl der entstehenden spaltstellen, dem sauers…
1978
An investigation of the kinetics of cellulose degradation confirms the scheme proposed by G. V. Schulz and Mertes with the following modifications: the fast pre-stage of the degradation is missing, because there are no faster cleaving bonds in the native cellulose; the first step of the degradation (pre-oxidation) in agreement with the above mentioned authors consists in the uptake of an oxygen atom: in the second step, the scisson proper, the scheme of Staudinger and Roos is replaced by the newer and better founded scheme of Haskins and Hogsed, assuming an alkoxy-elimination; the third step (post-oxidation) finally consists in a limited number of substeps leading to a splitting off of abou…
The Gut Entomotype of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Their Effect on Host Nutrition Metabolism
2017
For invasive insects, the potential roles of gut microbiota in exploiting new food resources and spreading remain elusive. Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is an invasive destructive pest which feeds on nutrient-poor tender tissues and has caused extensive mortality of palm trees. The microbes associated with insects can improve their nutrition assimilation. However, experimental evidence on the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota is still absent. The aim of this study is to determine the dynamics changes and the bacterial entomotype in the RPW gut and its potential physiological roles. Here, we confirmed RPW harbors a complex gut microbiota mainly const…
Thermal degradation of microcrystalline cellulose in concentrated phosphoric acid as assessed by HPLC, high field NMR spectroscopy and low field NMR …
2011
The most common renewable fuel is ethanol. It is a liquid produced by fermentation of glucose which is very abundant in cellulose based material sources. Plants produce about 180 billion tons of cellulose per year globally. For this reason cellulose is the largest organic carbon reservoir on Earth. Cellulose is composed exclusively of glucose units linked via B-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Each D-(+)-glucose unit contains three hydroxyl groups, which can form complex spatial networks of inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonds. They are responsible for the high crystallinity and compactness of cellulose, thereby making it very resistant to biological and chemical attack. In the presence of miner…
Untersuchungen zum oxidativen Abbau nativer Cellulose, 2. Einfluß der Alkalibehandlung auf die Viskositäts-Molekulargewichts-Beziehungen
1974
Um die Kinetik des oxidativen Abbaus nativer Cellulose viskosimetrisch verfolgen zu konnen, mussen neue [η]-M-Eichbeziehungen aufgestellt werden, da die Behandlung der Cellulose mit konzentriertem Alkali den Staudingerindex [η] erniedrigt, ohne das Molekulargewicht M zu verandern. Es wurden zwei Reihen oxidativ abgebauter, verschieden lange mit Alkali vorbehandelter Cellulosen hergestellt und an diesen die Konstanten der Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Gleichung fur die Cellulosenitrate in Aceton und die Cellulosen in Cuoxam (Cu(NH3)4(OH)2) durch Vergleich mit Lichtstreuungsmessungen bestimmt. For kinetic studies of cellulose degradation by molecular oxygen it is necessary to establish new [η]-M-relation…
ZnO/polyaniline composite based photoluminescence sensor for the determination of acetic acid vapor
2020
In this study, we report a novel ZnO/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite optical gas sensor for the determination of acetic acid at room temperatures. ZnO nanorods, synthesized in powder form were coated by PANI (ZnO/ PANI) by chemical polymerization method. The obtained nanocomposites were deposited on glass substrate and dried overnight at room temperature. Structure and optical properties of ZnO/PANI nanocomposite have been studied by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Tests towards acetic acids were performed in the range of concentrations 1–13 ppm. The adsorption of acetic a…
Thermal degradation of microcrystalline cellulose in concentrated phosphoric acid
2011
The most common renewable fuel is ethanol. It is a liquid produced by fermentation of glucose which is very abundant in cellulose based materials. Bioethanol is achieved in a two-steps process: 1. hydrolysis of the cellulose included in the ligno-cellulosic materials to fermentable reducing sugars; 2. fermentation of such sugars to ethanol. While the second fermentation step, mediated by yeasts or bacteria, is very well established, the first one must be still assessed for process optimization. Many efforts have been made to identify solvents for cellulose in order to develop methods for the achievement of fermentable glucose. In the presence of mineral acid, cellulose undergoes hydrolysis …
The gut microbiota of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)
2016
Termite gut is host to a complex microbial community consisting of prokaryotes, and in some cases flagellates, responsible for the degradation of lignocellulosic material. Here we report data concerning the analysis of the gut microbiota of Reticulitermes lucifugus (Rossi), a lower termite species that lives in underground environments and is widespread in Italy, where it causes damage to wood structures of historical and artistic monuments. A 16S rRNA gene clone library revealed that the R. lucifugus gut is colonized by members of five phyla in the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes (49 % of clones), Proteobacteria (24 %), Spirochaetes (14 %), the candidatus TG1 phylum (12 %), and Bacteroidetes (…
Thermal transformation of micro-crystalline cellulose in phosphoric acid
2011
Use of crude oil derivatives such as diesel and gasoline is becoming unsuitable due to their detriment to environment and to the increasing worldwide energy demand which is driving crude oil reservoirs towards exhaustion. Replacement of diesel and gasoline with biofuels (i.e. biodiesel and bioethanol, respectively) is very desirable. In fact, biofuels are not only environmentally sustainable, but also potentially inexhaustible due to the large amounts of waste biomasses from which they can be retrieved. In the present study, a model compound (micro-crystalline cellulose) was dissolved in phosphoric acid and converted at 80 °C to glucose, thereby providing the possible substrate for fermenta…